188 lines
6.0 KiB
Markdown
188 lines
6.0 KiB
Markdown
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# ULID Creator
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A Java library for generating ULIDs.
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* Generated in lexicographical order;
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* Can be stored as a UUID/GUID;
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* Can be stored as a string of 26 chars;
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* String format is encoded to [Crockford's base32](https://www.crockford.com/base32.html);
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* String format is URL safe, case insensitive and accepts hyphens.
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How to Use
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------------------------------------------------------
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Create a ULID:
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```java
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UUID ulid = UlidCreator.getUlid(); // 01706d6c-6aad-c795-370c-98d0be881bba
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```
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Create a ULID string:
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```java
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String ulid = UlidCreator.getUlidString(); // 01E1PPRTMSQ34W7JR5YSND6B8Z
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```
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### Maven dependency
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Add these lines to your `pom.xml`.
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```xml
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<!-- https://search.maven.org/artifact/com.github.f4b6a3/ulid-creator -->
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<dependency>
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<groupId>com.github.f4b6a3</groupId>
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<artifactId>ulid-creator</artifactId>
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<version>2.2.0</version>
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</dependency>
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```
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See more options in [maven.org](https://search.maven.org/artifact/com.github.f4b6a3/ulid-creator).
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Implementation
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------------------------------------------------------
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### ULID
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The GUIDs in this library are based on the [ULID specification](https://github.com/ulid/spec). The first 48 bits represent the count of milliseconds since Unix Epoch, 1 January 1970. The remaining 60 bits are generated by a secure random number generator.
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Every time the timestamp changes the random part is reset to a new random value. If the current timestamp is equal to the previous one, the random bits are incremented by 1.
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The default random number generator is `java.security.SecureRandom`.
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```java
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// GUID based on ULID spec
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UUID ulid = UlidCreator.getUlid();
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```
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Sequence of GUIDs based on ULID spec:
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```text
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01706d6c-6aac-80bd-7ff5-f660c2dd58ea
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01706d6c-6aac-80bd-7ff5-f660c2dd58eb
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01706d6c-6aac-80bd-7ff5-f660c2dd58ec
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01706d6c-6aac-80bd-7ff5-f660c2dd58ed
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01706d6c-6aac-80bd-7ff5-f660c2dd58ee
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01706d6c-6aac-80bd-7ff5-f660c2dd58ef
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01706d6c-6aac-80bd-7ff5-f660c2dd58f0
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01706d6c-6aac-80bd-7ff5-f660c2dd58f1
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01706d6c-6aad-c795-370c-98d0be881bb8 < millisecond changed
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01706d6c-6aad-c795-370c-98d0be881bb9
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01706d6c-6aad-c795-370c-98d0be881bba
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01706d6c-6aad-c795-370c-98d0be881bbb
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01706d6c-6aad-c795-370c-98d0be881bbc
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01706d6c-6aad-c795-370c-98d0be881bbd
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01706d6c-6aad-c795-370c-98d0be881bbe
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01706d6c-6aad-c795-370c-98d0be881bbf
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^ look ^ look
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millisecs randomness
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```
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### ULID string
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The ULID string is a sequence of 26 chars. See the [ULID specification](https://github.com/ulid/spec) for more information.
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See the section on GUIDs to know how the 128 bits are generated in this library.
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```java
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// String based on ULID spec
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String ulid = UlidCreator.getUlidString();
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```
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Sequence of Strings based on ULID spec:
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```text
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01E1PPRTMSQ34W7JR5YSND6B8T
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01E1PPRTMSQ34W7JR5YSND6B8V
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01E1PPRTMSQ34W7JR5YSND6B8W
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01E1PPRTMSQ34W7JR5YSND6B8X
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01E1PPRTMSQ34W7JR5YSND6B8Y
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01E1PPRTMSQ34W7JR5YSND6B8Z
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01E1PPRTMSQ34W7JR5YSND6B90
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01E1PPRTMSQ34W7JR5YSND6B91
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01E1PPRTMTYMX8G17TWSJJZMEE < millisecond changed
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01E1PPRTMTYMX8G17TWSJJZMEF
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01E1PPRTMTYMX8G17TWSJJZMEG
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01E1PPRTMTYMX8G17TWSJJZMEH
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01E1PPRTMTYMX8G17TWSJJZMEJ
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01E1PPRTMTYMX8G17TWSJJZMEK
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01E1PPRTMTYMX8G17TWSJJZMEM
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01E1PPRTMTYMX8G17TWSJJZMEN
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^ look ^ look
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|---------|--------------|
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millisecs randomness
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```
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### How use the `UlidSpecCreator` directly
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These are some examples of using the `UlidSpecCreator` to create ULID strings:
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```java
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// with your custom timestamp strategy
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TimestampStrategy customStrategy = new CustomTimestampStrategy();
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UlidSpecCreator creator = UlidCreator.getUlidSpecCreator()
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.withTimestampStrategy(customStrategy);
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String ulid = creator.createString();
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```
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```java
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// with your custom random strategy that wraps any random generator
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RandomStrategy customStrategy = new CustomRandomStrategy();
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UlidSpecCreator creator = UlidCreator.getUlidSpecCreator()
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.withRandomStrategy(customStrategy);
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String ulid = creator.createString();
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```
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```java
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// with `java.util.Random` number generator
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Random random = new Random();
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UlidSpecCreator creator = UlidCreator.getUlidSpecCreator()
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.withRandomGenerator(random);
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String ulid = creator.createString();
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```
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Benchmark
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------------------------------------------------------
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This section shows benchmarks comparing `UlidCreator` to `java.util.UUID`.
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* **ulid-creator v2.1.0:**
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```
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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THROUGHPUT Mode Cnt Score Error Units
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Throughput.JDK_RandomBased thrpt 5 2196,215 ± 13,668 ops/ms
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Throughput.UlidCreator_Ulid thrpt 5 19224,340 ± 106,231 ops/ms
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Throughput.UlidCreator_UlidString thrpt 5 5006,424 ± 26,946 ops/ms
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Total time: 00:04:01
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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```
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* **ulid-creator v2.2.0:**
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```
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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THROUGHPUT Mode Cnt Score Error Units
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Throughput.JDK_RandomBased thrpt 5 2191,690 ± 8,947 ops/ms
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Throughput.UlidCreator_Ulid thrpt 5 19236,123 ± 156,123 ops/ms
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Throughput.UlidCreator_UlidString thrpt 5 12893,016 ± 179,618 ops/ms <- 2.5x faster
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Total time: 00:04:01
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---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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```
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The ULID string generation is 2.5x faster in version 2.2.0 than before.
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System: CPU i5-3330, 8G RAM, Ubuntu 20.04.
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See: [uuid-creator-benchmark](https://github.com/fabiolimace/uuid-creator-benchmark)
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Links for generators
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-------------------------------------------
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* [UUID Creator](https://github.com/f4b6a3/uuid-creator)
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* [ULID Creator](https://github.com/f4b6a3/ulid-creator)
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* [TSID Creator](https://github.com/f4b6a3/tsid-creator)
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