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module handy_http_handlers.path_handler;
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import handy_http_primitives;
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import path_matcher;
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import slf4d;
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private immutable REQUEST_CONTEXT_DATA_KEY = "pathHandler";
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/// Internal struct holding details about a handler mapping.
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private struct HandlerMapping {
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/// The handler that will handle requests that match this mapping.
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HttpRequestHandler handler;
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/// A bitmask with bits enabled for the HTTP methods that this mapping matches to.
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immutable ushort methodsMask;
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/// A list of string patterns that this mapping matches to.
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immutable(string[]) patterns;
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}
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/// Maps each HTTP method to a bit value, so we can use bit-masking for handler mappings.
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immutable ushort[HttpMethod] HTTP_METHOD_BITS = [
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HttpMethod.GET: 1 >> 0,
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HttpMethod.HEAD: 1 >> 1,
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HttpMethod.POST: 1 >> 2,
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HttpMethod.PUT: 1 >> 3,
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HttpMethod.DELETE: 1 >> 4,
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HttpMethod.CONNECT: 1 >> 5,
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HttpMethod.OPTIONS: 1 >> 6,
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HttpMethod.TRACE: 1 >> 7,
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HttpMethod.PATCH: 1 >> 8
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];
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/**
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* Computes a bitmask from a list of HTTP methods.
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* Params:
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* methods = The methods to make a bitmask from.
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* Returns: A bitmask that matches all the given methods.
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*/
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ushort methodMaskFromMethods(HttpMethod[] methods) {
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ushort mask = 0;
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foreach (method; methods) {
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mask |= HTTP_METHOD_BITS[method];
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}
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return mask;
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}
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/**
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* Gets a bitmask that matches all HTTP methods.
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* Returns: The bitmask.
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*/
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ushort methodMaskFromAll() {
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return ushort.max;
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}
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/**
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* Context data that may be attached to a request to provide additional data
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* from path matching results, like any path variables that were found.
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*/
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class PathHandlerContextData {
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immutable PathParam[] params;
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this(immutable(PathParam[]) params){
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this.params = params;
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}
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}
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/**
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* Gets the set of path variables that were matched when the given request was
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* handled by the path handler.
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* Params:
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* request = The request to get path variables for.
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* Returns: The list of path variables.
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*/
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immutable(PathParam[]) getPathParams(in ServerHttpRequest request) {
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if (REQUEST_CONTEXT_DATA_KEY in request.contextData) {
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return (cast(PathHandlerContextData) request.contextData[REQUEST_CONTEXT_DATA_KEY]).params;
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}
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return [];
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}
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/**
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* Gets a specific path variable's value.
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* Params:
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* request = The request to get the path variable value from.
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* name = The name of the path variable.
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* defaultValue = The default value to use if no path variables are present.
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* Returns: The path variable's value.
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*/
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T getPathParamAs(T)(in ServerHttpRequest request, string name, T defaultValue = T.init) {
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foreach (p; getPathParams(request)) {
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if (p.name == name) {
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return p.getAs!T;
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}
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}
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return defaultValue;
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}
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/**
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* A request handler that maps incoming requests to a particular handler based
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* on the request's URL path and/or HTTP method (GET, POST, etc.).
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*
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* Use the various overloaded versions of the `addMapping(...)` method to add
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* handlers to this path handler. When handling requests, this path handler
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* will look for matches deterministically in the order you add them. Therefore,
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* adding mappings with conflicting or duplicate paths will cause the first one
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* to always be called.
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*
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* Path patterns should be defined according to the rules from the path-matcher
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* library, found here: https://github.com/andrewlalis/path-matcher
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*/
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class PathHandler : HttpRequestHandler {
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/// The internal list of all mapped handlers.
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private HandlerMapping[] mappings;
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/// The handler to use when no mapping is found for a request.
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private HttpRequestHandler notFoundHandler;
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/**
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* Constructs a new path handler with initially no mappings, and a default
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* notFoundHandler that simply sets a 404 status.
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*/
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this() {
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this.mappings = [];
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this.notFoundHandler = HttpRequestHandler.of((ref request, ref response) {
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response.status = HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND;
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});
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}
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/**
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* Adds a mapping to this handler, such that requests which match the given
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* method and pattern will be handed off to the given handler.
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*
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* Overloaded variations of this method are defined for your convenience,
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* which allow you to add a mapping for multiple HTTP methods and/or path
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* patterns.
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*
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* Params:
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* method = The HTTP method to match against.
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* pattern = The path pattern to match against. See https://github.com/andrewlalis/path-matcher
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* for more details on the pattern's format.
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* handler = The handler that will handle matching requests.
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* Returns: This path handler, for method chaining.
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*/
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PathHandler addMapping(HttpMethod method, string pattern, HttpRequestHandler handler) {
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this.mappings ~= HandlerMapping(handler, HTTP_METHOD_BITS[method], [pattern]);
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return this;
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}
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///
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PathHandler addMapping(HttpMethod[] methods, string pattern, HttpRequestHandler handler) {
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this.mappings ~= HandlerMapping(handler, methodMaskFromMethods(methods), [pattern]);
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return this;
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}
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///
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PathHandler addMapping(HttpMethod method, string[] patterns, HttpRequestHandler handler) {
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this.mappings ~= HandlerMapping(handler, HTTP_METHOD_BITS[method], patterns.idup);
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return this;
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}
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///
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PathHandler addMapping(HttpMethod[] methods, string[] patterns, HttpRequestHandler handler) {
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this.mappings ~= HandlerMapping(handler, methodMaskFromMethods(methods), patterns.idup);
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return this;
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}
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///
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PathHandler addMapping(string pattern, HttpRequestHandler handler) {
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this.mappings ~= HandlerMapping(handler, methodMaskFromAll(), [pattern]);
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return this;
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}
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/**
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* Sets the handler that will be called for requests that don't match any
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* pre-configured mappings.
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* Params:
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* handler = The handler to use.
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* Returns: This path handler, for method chaining.
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*/
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PathHandler setNotFoundHandler(HttpRequestHandler handler) {
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if (handler is null) throw new Exception("Cannot set PathHandler's notFoundHandler to null.");
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this.notFoundHandler = handler;
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return this;
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}
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/**
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* Handles a request by looking for a mapped handler whose method and pattern
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* match the request's, and letting that handler handle the request. If no
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* match is found, the notFoundHandler will take care of it.
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* Params:
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* request = The request.
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* response = The response.
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*/
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void handle(ref ServerHttpRequest request, ref ServerHttpResponse response) {
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HttpRequestHandler mappedHandler = findMappedHandler(request);
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if (mappedHandler !is null) {
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mappedHandler.handle(request, response);
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} else {
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notFoundHandler.handle(request, response);
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}
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}
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/**
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* Finds the handler to use to handle a given request, using our list of
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* pre-configured mappings.
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* Params:
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* request = The request to find a handler for.
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* Returns: The handler that matches the request, or null if none is found.
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*/
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private HttpRequestHandler findMappedHandler(ref ServerHttpRequest request) {
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ushort methodBit = HTTP_METHOD_BITS[request.method];
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foreach (HandlerMapping mapping; mappings) {
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if ((mapping.methodsMask & methodBit) > 0) {
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foreach (string pattern; mapping.patterns) {
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PathMatchResult result = matchPath(request.url, pattern);
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if (result.matches) {
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debugF!"Found matching handler for %s %s: %s via pattern \"%s\""(
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request.method,
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request.url,
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mapping.handler,
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pattern
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);
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request.contextData[REQUEST_CONTEXT_DATA_KEY] = new PathHandlerContextData(result.pathParams);
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return mapping.handler;
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}
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}
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}
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}
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debugF!("No handler found for %s %s.")(request.method, request.url);
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return null;
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}
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}
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// Test PathHandler.setNotFoundHandler
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unittest {
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import std.exception;
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auto handler = new PathHandler();
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assertThrown!Exception(handler.setNotFoundHandler(null));
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auto notFoundHandler = HttpRequestHandler.of((ref request, ref response) {
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response.status = HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND;
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});
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assertNotThrown!Exception(handler.setNotFoundHandler(notFoundHandler));
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}
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// Test PathHandler.handle
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unittest {
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class SimpleOkHandler : HttpRequestHandler {
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void handle(ref ServerHttpRequest request, ref ServerHttpResponse response) {
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response.status = HttpStatus.OK;
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}
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}
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PathHandler handler = new PathHandler()
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.addMapping(HttpMethod.GET, "/home", new SimpleOkHandler())
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.addMapping(HttpMethod.GET, "/users", new SimpleOkHandler())
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.addMapping(HttpMethod.GET, "/users/:id:ulong", new SimpleOkHandler())
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.addMapping(HttpMethod.GET, "/api/*", new SimpleOkHandler());
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struct RequestAndResponse {
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ServerHttpRequest request;
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ServerHttpResponse response;
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}
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RequestAndResponse generateHandledData(HttpMethod method, string url) {
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ServerHttpRequest request = ServerHttpRequestBuilder()
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.withMethod(method)
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.withUrl(url)
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.build();
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ServerHttpResponse response = ServerHttpResponseBuilder().build();
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handler.handle(request, response);
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return RequestAndResponse(request, response);
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}
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auto result1 = generateHandledData(HttpMethod.GET, "/home");
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assert(result1.response.status == HttpStatus.OK);
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auto result2 = generateHandledData(HttpMethod.GET, "/home-not-exists");
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assert(result2.response.status == HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND);
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auto result3 = generateHandledData(HttpMethod.GET, "/users");
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assert(result3.response.status == HttpStatus.OK);
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auto result4 = generateHandledData(HttpMethod.GET, "/users/34");
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assert(result4.response.status == HttpStatus.OK);
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assert(getPathParamAs!ulong(result4.request, "id") == 34);
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auto result5 = generateHandledData(HttpMethod.GET, "/api/test");
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assert(result5.response.status == HttpStatus.OK);
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auto result6 = generateHandledData(HttpMethod.GET, "/api/test/bleh");
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assert(result6.response.status == HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND);
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auto result7 = generateHandledData(HttpMethod.GET, "/api");
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assert(result7.response.status == HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND);
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auto result8 = generateHandledData(HttpMethod.GET, "/");
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assert(result8.response.status == HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND);
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}
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