ULID Creator ====================================================== This is a Java implementation of [Universally Unique Lexicographically Sortable Identifier](https://github.com/ulid/spec). In summary: * Sorted by generation time; * Can be stored as a UUID/GUID; * Can be stored as a string of 26 chars; * Can be stored as an array of 16 bytes; * String format is encoded to [Crockford's base32](https://www.crockford.com/base32.html); * String format is URL safe, is case insensitive, and has no hyphens. This library contains a good amount of [unit tests](https://github.com/f4b6a3/ulid-creator/tree/master/src/test/java/com/github/f4b6a3/ulid). It also has a [micro benchmark](https://github.com/f4b6a3/ulid-creator/tree/master/benchmark) for you to check if the performance is good enough. How to Use ------------------------------------------------------ Create a ULID: ```java Ulid ulid = UlidCreator.getUlid(); ``` Create a Monotonic ULID: ```java Ulid ulid = UlidCreator.getMonotonicUlid(); ``` ### Maven dependency Add these lines to your `pom.xml`. ```xml com.github.f4b6a3 ulid-creator 4.2.1 ``` See more options in [maven.org](https://search.maven.org/artifact/com.github.f4b6a3/ulid-creator). ### Modularity Module and bundle names are the same as the root package name. - JPMS module name: `com.github.f4b6a3.ulid` - OSGi symbolic name: `com.github.f4b6a3.ulid` ### ULID The ULID is a 128 bit long identifier. The first 48 bits represent the number of milliseconds since Unix Epoch, 1970-01-01. The remaining 80 bits are generated by a secure random number generator. Its canonical string representation is 26 characters long. ```java // Generate a ULID Ulid ulid = UlidCreator.getUlid(); ``` Sequence of ULIDs: ```text 01EX8Y21KBH49ZZCA7KSKH6X1C 01EX8Y21KBJTFK0JV5J20QPQNR 01EX8Y21KBG2CS1V6WQCTVM7K6 01EX8Y21KB8HPZNBP3PTW7HVEY 01EX8Y21KB3HZV38VAPTPAG1TY 01EX8Y21KB9FTEJHPAGAKYG9Z8 01EX8Y21KBQGKGH2SVPQAYEFFC 01EX8Y21KBY17J9WR9KQR8SE7H 01EX8Y21KCVHYSJGVK4HBXDMR9 < millisecond changed 01EX8Y21KC668W3PEDEAGDHMVG 01EX8Y21KC53D2S5ADQ2EST327 01EX8Y21KCPQ3TENMTY1S7HV56 01EX8Y21KC3755QF9STQEV05EB 01EX8Y21KC5ZSHK908GMDK69WE 01EX8Y21KCSGJS8S1FVS06B3SX 01EX8Y21KC6ZBWQ0JBV337R1CN ^ look |---------|--------------| time random ``` ### Monotonic ULID The Monotonic ULID is variant of ULID. The random component is incremented by 1 whenever the current millisecond is equal to the previous one. Its main advantage is *speed*. ```java // Generate a Monotonic ULID Ulid ulid = UlidCreator.getMonotonicUlid(); ``` Sequence of Monotonic ULIDs: ```text 01EX8Y7M8MDVX3M3EQG69EEMJW 01EX8Y7M8MDVX3M3EQG69EEMJX 01EX8Y7M8MDVX3M3EQG69EEMJY 01EX8Y7M8MDVX3M3EQG69EEMJZ 01EX8Y7M8MDVX3M3EQG69EEMK0 01EX8Y7M8MDVX3M3EQG69EEMK1 01EX8Y7M8MDVX3M3EQG69EEMK2 01EX8Y7M8MDVX3M3EQG69EEMK3 01EX8Y7M8N1G30CYF2PJR23J2J < millisecond changed 01EX8Y7M8N1G30CYF2PJR23J2K 01EX8Y7M8N1G30CYF2PJR23J2M 01EX8Y7M8N1G30CYF2PJR23J2N 01EX8Y7M8N1G30CYF2PJR23J2P 01EX8Y7M8N1G30CYF2PJR23J2Q 01EX8Y7M8N1G30CYF2PJR23J2R 01EX8Y7M8N1G30CYF2PJR23J2S ^ look ^ look |---------|--------------| time random ``` ### More Examples Create a ULID from a canonical string (26 chars): ```java Ulid ulid = Ulid.from("0123456789ABCDEFGHJKMNPQRS"); ``` --- Convert a ULID into a canonical string in lower case: ```java String string = ulid.toLowerCase(); // 0123456789abcdefghjkmnpqrs ``` --- Convert a ULID into a UUID: ```java UUID uuid = ulid.toUuid(); // 0110c853-1d09-52d8-d73e-1194e95b5f19 ``` --- Convert a ULID into a [RFC-4122](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4122) UUID v4: ```java UUID uuid = ulid.toRfc4122().toUuid(); // 0110c853-1d09-42d8-973e-1194e95b5f19 // ^ UUID v4 ``` --- Get the creation instant of a ULID: ```java Instant instant = ulid.getInstant(); // 2007-02-16T02:13:14.633Z ``` ```java // static method Instant instant = Ulid.getInstant("0123456789ABCDEFGHJKMNPQRS"); // 2007-02-16T02:13:14.633Z ``` --- A key generator that makes substitution easy if necessary: ```java package com.example; import com.github.f4b6a3.ulid.UlidCreator; public class KeyGenerator { public static String next() { return UlidCreator.getUlid().toString(); } } ``` ```java String key = KeyGenerator.next(); ``` --- A `UlidFactory` with `java.util.Random`: ```java // use a `java.util.Random` instance for fast generation UlidFactory factory = UlidFactory.newInstance(new Random()); Ulid ulid = factory.create(); // use the factory ``` --- A `UlidFactory` with `ThreadLocalRandom` inside of a `Supplier`: ```java // use a random supplier that returns an array of 10 bytes UlidFactory factory = UlidFactory.newInstance(() -> { final byte[] bytes = new byte[Ulid.RANDOM_BYTES]; ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextBytes(bytes); return bytes; }); // use the factory Ulid ulid = factory.create(); ``` --- Benchmark ------------------------------------------------------ This section shows benchmarks comparing `UlidCreator` to `java.util.UUID`. ``` -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- THROUGHPUT (operations/msec) Mode Cnt Score Error Units -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UUID_randomUUID thrpt 5 2060,570 ± 37,242 ops/ms UUID_randomUUID_toString thrpt 5 1177,386 ± 39,803 ops/ms - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - UlidCreator_getUlid thrpt 5 2740,609 ± 86,350 ops/ms UlidCreator_getUlid_toString thrpt 5 2526,284 ± 56,726 ops/ms - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - UlidCreator_getMonotonicUlid thrpt 5 19373,150 ± 192,402 ops/ms UlidCreator_getMonotonicUlid_toString thrpt 5 13269,201 ± 254,953 ops/ms -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total time: 00:08:01 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ``` System: JVM 8, Ubuntu 20.04, CPU i5-3330, 8G RAM. To execute the benchmark, run `./benchmark/run.sh`. Other identifier generators ------------------------------------------- Check out the other ID generators from the same family: * [UUID Creator](https://github.com/f4b6a3/uuid-creator): Universally Unique Identifiers * [TSID Creator](https://github.com/f4b6a3/tsid-creator): Time Sortable Identifiers * [KSUID Creator](https://github.com/f4b6a3/ksuid-creator): K-Sortable Globally Unique Identifiers License ------------------------------------------------------ This library is Open Source software released under the [MIT license](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT).